metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (a variety of the amphibole series: Actinolite-Tremolite) Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale. Color: Deep forest green, olive, or grey-green with occasional black inclusions. Luster: Waxy to greasy. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking mat). Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs scale. Color: Deep forest green, olive, or grey-green with occasional black inclusions. Luster: Waxy to greasy. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking mat). Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or through the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks. Commonly found in serpentine belts.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, axes (historically), and as decorative gemstones or collector specimens due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is famous for its toughness, which is even higher than diamond due to its interlocking fibrous structure. It was highly prized in ancient China and by the Maori of New Zealand for weapons and tools.
Field identification & locations
Look for a waxy luster and extreme resistance to breaking. It is often found as water-worn cobbles in rivers near serpentine deposits. Common locations include British Columbia, New Zealand, Alaska, and Russia.
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