metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: Deep green to spinach green with possible dark inclusions; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Toughness: Exceptionally high due to felted texture.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep green to spinach green with possible dark inclusions
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5; Color: Deep green to spinach green with possible dark inclusions; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking structure); Toughness: Exceptionally high due to felted texture.
Formation & geological history
Forms through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or from the chemical alteration of ultramafic igneous rocks. Most deposits are found in subduction zones or mountain-building regions.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for ornamental carvings, jewelry (beads, cabochons), and historically for tool making (axe heads) due to its extreme durability.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being jadeite). It is tougher than steel and was known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in ancient Chinese culture.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'greasy' feel when polished, its high density, and its incredible resistance to fracturing. It often features a weathered 'rind' on the exterior when found in riverbeds or alluvial deposits.
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