metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-actinolite series (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Color: oily green; Luster: greasy to vitreous; Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs); Structure: dense interlocking fibrous (felted); Cleavage: none (splintery fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- oily green
- Luster
- greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Color: oily green; Luster: greasy to vitreous; Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs); Structure: dense interlocking fibrous (felted); Cleavage: none (splintery fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed by the metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (ultramafic rocks) or dolomitic limestones in the presence of water. Known from various ages, often associated with subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for ornamental carvings, jewelry, sculptures, and historical weapons/tools due to its incredible toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than diamond in terms of resistance to fracturing because of its interwoven fibrous structure. It has been used in China for over 5,000 years.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy luster, smooth feel when polished, and high toughness (it won't chip easily). Found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming. Look for 'river jade' or outcrops near serpentinite.
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