metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs), Color: Dark forest green to spinach green, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Microcrystalline fibrous interlocking, Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
- Hardness
- 6-6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs), Color: Dark forest green to spinach green, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Microcrystalline fibrous interlocking, Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or from chemical reactions between mafic/ultramafic rocks and water-rich fluids in subduction zones.
Uses & applications
Highly valued for jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, sculpture, and as architectural accents in some regions.
Geological facts
Nephrite is famous for its extreme toughness, which is due to its interlocking fibrous structure; this made it a primary material for axe heads and weapons in prehistoric times before metalworking.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy-greasy luster and heat retention. Found commonly in British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand (known as Pounamu), Russia, and Wyoming (USA).
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