metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs. Color: Dark green to blackish-green. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking). Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03. Extremely tough and resistant to fracturing.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark green to blackish-green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 Mohs. Color: Dark green to blackish-green. Luster: Vitreous to greasy. Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous interlocking). Specific gravity: 2.90-3.03. Extremely tough and resistant to fracturing.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or from the hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks (serpentinites).
Uses & applications
Commonly used for ornamental carvings, jewelry (cabochons, beads), and historical axe heads due to its toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being jadeite). It is famously known as the 'Stone of Heaven' in Chinese culture and was prioritized for its durability before the discovery of jadeite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its greasy luster when polished and its extreme toughness. It often shows a 'rind' or weathered exterior in the wild. Found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming (USA).
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