metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Tremolite-Actinolite solid solution Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5; Color: Olive green to grey-green; Luster: Greasy to vitreous when wet or polished; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking); Cleavage: None (extremely tough fracture)
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Olive green to grey-green
- Luster
- Greasy to vitreous when wet or polished
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5; Color: Olive green to grey-green; Luster: Greasy to vitreous when wet or polished; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (fibrous/interlocking); Cleavage: None (extremely tough fracture)
Formation & geological history
Formed through regional or contact metamorphism of serpentinite or magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) subjected to hydrothermal fluids. Common in subduction zone environments.
Uses & applications
Used for carvings, jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative ornaments, and historically as axe heads and tools due to its incredible toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite jade is tougher than steel because its mineral fibers are woven together like felt. It has been used for millennia by different cultures, most notably in Ancient China and by the Maori of New Zealand.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic 'waxy' or soapy feel, high density, and extreme resistance to breaking with a hammer. Often found as rounded river cobbles in mountainous regions.
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