mineral
Olivine (Peridot Stone)
(Mg, Fe)2SiO4 (Magnesium Iron Silicate)
Hardness: 6.5–7.0 Mohs; Color: Olive-green to brownish-green; Luster: Vitreous to oily; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.27–4.37.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Olive-green to brownish-green
- Luster
- Vitreous to oily
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5–7.0 Mohs; Color: Olive-green to brownish-green; Luster: Vitreous to oily; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.27–4.37.
Formation & geological history
Formed in the upper mantle and brought to the surface by tectonic activity or volcanic eruptions. Commonly found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like basalt or peridotite.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a gemstone (Peridot) in jewelry. Industrial uses include refractory sand for metal casting and as a slag conditioner in steel production.
Geological facts
Olivine is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's upper mantle and has also been discovered in meteorites and on the surface of Mars and the Moon.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct green color and granular texture in basaltic rocks. Locations include active volcanic areas like Hawaii, Norway, and Arizona (San Carlos).
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