mineral
Olivine (Peridot)
Magnesium Iron Silicate (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive-green to lime or brownish-green, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Orthorhombic, Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 3.27-4.37.
- Hardness
- 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs scale), Color: Olive-green to lime or brownish-green, Luster: Vitreous (glassy), Crystal structure: Orthorhombic, Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 3.27-4.37.
Formation & geological history
Formed in the Earth's upper mantle and brought to the surface by tectonic activity or volcanic eruptions. It is a primary mineral in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite.
Uses & applications
Gem-quality specimens (Peridot) are used in jewelry. Industrial uses include sandblasting, furnace linings (refractory), and as an additive in steel production to remove impurities.
Geological facts
Olivine is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's subsurface and has been discovered in meteorites and on the Moon and Mars. It is also a key mineral in the study of Earth's mantle.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinctive olive-green color and glassy appearance. Often found as small, rounded grains in dark volcanic rocks like basalt. Found worldwide, notably in Arizona, Hawaii, Norway, and Myanmar.
