sedimentary
Orange Carnelian / Chalcedony Pebble
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz
Hardness: 6.5 - 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange to reddish-orange. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline. Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Translucent to sub-translucent.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange to reddish-orange
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5 - 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Orange to reddish-orange. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline. Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Translucent to sub-translucent.
Formation & geological history
Formed in low-temperature silica-rich environments, often filling cavities within volcanic or sedimentary rocks, then weathered out and rounded by stream or coastal erosion.
Uses & applications
Used widely in tumbled stones, cabochon gems, jewelry, wire wrapping, and decorative lapidary work.
Geological facts
Carnelian's reddish-orange hue comes from trace amounts of iron oxide (hematite) impurities present within the microcrystalline quartz structure.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, orange color, lack of cleavage, and smooth water-worn rounded form. Commonly found along riverbeds and coastal beaches.
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