mineral
Orange chalcedony (carnelian-like), possibly iron-stained quartz
Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂ (chalcedony); orange coloration likely from iron oxides/hydroxides
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; orange-yellow to reddish-brown, waxy to vitreous luster, translucent edges, and no visible cleavage. The uneven granular surface and rounded shape suggest a natural or lightly tumbled silica-rich specimen.
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Physical properties
Hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; orange-yellow to reddish-brown, waxy to vitreous luster, translucent edges, and no visible cleavage. The uneven granular surface and rounded shape suggest a natural or lightly tumbled silica-rich specimen.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, depositing chalcedony during cooling and weathering; iron compounds create the orange-red hues. Chalcedony occurs from Precambrian to recent deposits in volcanic and sedimentary environments.
Uses & applications
Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornamental objects, and lapidary practice; less commonly used as aggregate or silica material. Small common pieces generally have modest collecting value.
Geological facts
Carnelian is the orange-red variety of chalcedony, while paler orange material may be called sard or orange chalcedony. Color can deepen with heating or prolonged exposure to iron-rich solutions.
Field identification & locations
Look for waxy luster, translucency, conchoidal fracture, and inability to scratch it with a steel knife; it should scratch glass. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and the western United States.
