gemstone

Orange chalcedony (likely carnelian)

Cryptocrystalline quartz, SiO₂; carnelian is orange to red chalcedony colored mainly by iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Mohs hardness 6.5–7; orange, translucent to opaque, with waxy-to-vitreous luster and no visible crystals. Quartz has a trigonal crystal structure; chalcedony has no obvious cleavage and a conchoidal fracture.

Identified October 10, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as silica-rich fluids fill cavities and fractures in volcanic rocks, depositing microscopic quartz fibers; iron produces the orange color. Chalcedony occurs in rocks of many geological ages.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, and ornamental objects; chalcedony is also used in small decorative and craft applications.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used for seals and jewelry since antiquity. The pictured smooth, irregular piece may be naturally water-worn or tumbled.

Field identification & locations

Look for a uniform orange color, translucence at thin edges, and waxy luster; hardness and conchoidal fracture help distinguish it from softer imitations. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar.