mineral
Peacock Ore (Bornite or Iridescent Chalcopyrite)
Bornite (Cu5FeS4) or Acid-treated Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Iridescent blues, purples, golds, and greens; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic/Tetragonal; Streak: Grayish-black.
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Iridescent blues, purples, golds, and greens
- Luster
- Metallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: Iridescent blues, purples, golds, and greens; Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic/Tetragonal; Streak: Grayish-black.
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins, contact metamorphic zones, and as a primary mineral in basic igneous rocks. The intense colors are often enhanced or created by treating the mineral with acid to induce oxidation.
Uses & applications
Major ore of copper; used as a decorative specimen for collectors and in metaphysical jewelry.
Geological facts
While bornite naturally tarnishes to these colors (earning it the name peacock ore), most bright specimens sold in shops are actually chalcopyrite that has been intentionally treated with acid to produce the vibrant iridescent coating.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its intense metallic iridescence and relatively low hardness (can be scratched by a copper coin). Found globally in copper deposits like those in Montana, Arizona, and Cornwall.
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