mineral
Peacock Ore
Bornite (Cu5FeS4)
Hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale, metallic luster, brassy to copper-red color that rapidly tarnishes to iridescent purple, blue, and green hues, specific gravity of 4.9 to 5.3, crystal system is orthorhombic.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale, metallic luster, brassy to copper-red color that rapidly tarnishes to iridescent purple, blue, and green hues, specific gravity of 4.9 to 5.3, crystal system is orthorhombic.
Formation & geological history
Forms primarily in hydrothermal veins, pegmatites, and contact metamorphic zones, often associated with other copper ores like chalcopyrite and chalcocite.
Uses & applications
Major ore of copper, highly sought after by mineral collectors for its striking iridescent tarnish.
Geological facts
Natural freshly broken bornite is brownish-bronze and lacks the vibrant peacock colors; the famous rainbow colors are due to a thin layer of copper oxides formed by surface oxidation and weathering, sometimes artificially enhanced with acid washes in commercial specimens.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive iridescent tarnish, softness, and association with copper deposits; commonly found in major copper-mining regions worldwide including Mexico, Peru, and the USA.
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