Pegmatite

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to dominant quartz and feldspar content); Color: Varied, typically light-colored with white, pink, and tan tones, interspersed with dark biotite or tourmaline specks; Luster: Vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: Extremely coarse-grained (phaneritic), with individual crystals often growing larger than several centimeters; Cleavage: Good in feldspars, none in quartz; Specific Gravity: ~2.5 - 2.8.

Formed through the extremely slow cooling of volatile-rich magma deep within the Earth's crust, often representing the final stage of magmatic crystallization.

Commonly mined for rare earth elements, gem-quality minerals (like tourmaline, beryl, and topaz), and industrial minerals such as industrial feldspar, quartz, and mica.

Pegmatites are famous for hosting some of the largest individual mineral crystals ever found on Earth, sometimes measuring several meters in length.

Identifiable by its exceptionally large, interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and micas compared to standard granites. Found globally in ancient shield areas and mountain-building belts.