gemstone

Peridot

Olivine ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Lime, olive, or yellowish green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.2-4.3

Hardness: 6
Color: Lime, olive, or yellowish green
Luster: Vitreous (glassy)

Identified July 4, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Lime, olive, or yellowish green; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.2-4.3

Formation & geological history

Formed deep in the upper mantle and brought to the surface by tectonic or volcanic activity. Often found in basaltic rocks and xenoliths. It is one of the few gemstones formed in the mantle rather than the crust.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings). It is the birthstone for August.

Geological facts

Peridot is often called the 'evening emerald' because its green color glows under artificial light. It has also been found in pallasite meteorites, meaning some specimens originate from outer space.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinct olive-green color, lack of cleavage, and occurrence within dark, mafic volcanic rocks like basalt. Common locations include Arizona (USA), Myanmar, Pakistan, and Egypt.