igneous
Peridotite / Olivine-rich Xenolith
Ultramafic igneous rock (predominantly olivine and pyroxene)
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, Color: Dark brown to greenish-black exterior with greenish crystal inclusions, Luster: Vitreous to dull, Crystal structure: Granular / phaneritic, Specific Gravity: 3.2-3.4
- Hardness
- 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, Color: Dark brown to greenish-black exterior with greenish crystal inclusions, Luster: Vitreous to dull, Crystal structure: Granular / phaneritic, Specific Gravity: 3.2-3.4
Formation & geological history
Formed deep within the Earth's mantle under high pressure and temperature conditions, subsequently brought to the surface via volcanic activity (kimberlite or basaltic magmas) over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for scientific research regarding Earth's mantle composition, source rock for gem-quality peridot, and collected by mineral enthusiasts.
Geological facts
Peridotite makes up the vast majority of Earth's upper mantle. It is extremely dense and undergoes alteration to serpentinite when exposed to water at lower temperatures.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its dark ultramafic matrix often showing green crystalline grains of olivine. Commonly found in ophiolite sequences, kimberlite pipes, and xenoliths within basaltic lavas.
