igneous
Peridotite
Ultramafic igneous rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 6-7, dark green to brownish color, dull to vitreous luster, granular phaneritic crystal structure, specific gravity around 3.3-3.4.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6-7, dark green to brownish color, dull to vitreous luster, granular phaneritic crystal structure, specific gravity around 3.3-3.4.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the crystallization of magma deep within the Earth's mantle, making up the bulk of the upper mantle.
Uses & applications
Primary source of chromium and asbestos minerals; source rock for gem-quality peridot; heavily studied for understanding mantle dynamics.
Geological facts
Peridotite is the most abundant rock type in the Earth's upper mantle. When altered by hydrothermal fluids, it forms serpentine.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dense, dark, coarse-grained ultramafic appearance containing mostly olivine and pyroxene. Found in ophiolite complexes and kimberlite pipes.
