igneous
Peridotite
Ultramafic intrusive igneous rock
Hardness varies by mineral content (typically 6-7 on Mohs scale), colors range from dark green to brownish-green, dull to vitreous luster, granular crystal structure with no distinct cleavage, specific gravity around 3.2-3.3.
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Physical properties
Hardness varies by mineral content (typically 6-7 on Mohs scale), colors range from dark green to brownish-green, dull to vitreous luster, granular crystal structure with no distinct cleavage, specific gravity around 3.2-3.3.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the cooling and crystallization of ultramafic magma deep within the Earth's mantle, or as accumulations of olivine and pyroxene crystals. Often brought to the surface through deep-seated volcanic eruptions or tectonic uplift.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in scientific research to understand Earth's mantle composition; source rock for gemstones like peridot; sometimes studied for carbon sequestration.
Geological facts
Peridotite is the dominant rock type of the Earth's upper mantle. When subjected to partial melting, it generates basaltic magma.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its high density, dark green-gray color, and coarse-grained texture dominated by olivine and pyroxene. Commonly found in ophiolite sequences and kimberlite pipes.
