
mineral
Polished brown chalcedony (likely carnelian or sard)
Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂); brown varieties are commonly termed sard, while reddish-orange material is carnelian
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6.5–7 Mohs; smooth vitreous-to-waxy luster, brown translucent body, cryptocrystalline quartz with no visible cleavage. The rounded shape and gloss indicate tumbling/polishing.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; smooth vitreous-to-waxy luster, brown translucent body, cryptocrystalline quartz with no visible cleavage. The rounded shape and gloss indicate tumbling/polishing.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich groundwater deposits microcrystalline quartz in cavities and fractures, often in volcanic rocks; commonly Cenozoic to older, with age dependent on host rock.
Uses & applications
Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, paperweights, and inexpensive ornamental stones; valued more for color and pattern than rarity.
Geological facts
Chalcedony’s color can result from iron oxides; heating may intensify reddish tones. Exact identification as sard versus carnelian requires observing color and translucency under strong light.
Field identification & locations
Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, Australia, and the United States. Field clues are waxy luster, conchoidal fracture, lack of cleavage, and ability to scratch glass; the image alone cannot exclude brown jasper or dyed agate.
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