mineral

Polished brown jasper pebble

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide impurities

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque reddish-brown to dark brown, smoothly polished, with dull-to-waxy luster and possible black/gray inclusions. Mohs hardness 6.5–7; cryptocrystalline quartz, no visible cleavage, specific gravity about 2.6.

Identified September 2, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Jasper forms when silica-rich groundwater fills fractures or replaces volcanic and sedimentary material, with iron oxides producing the brown-red color. Individual pieces may range from Precambrian to younger, depending on the source deposit.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, tumbled stones, carvings, ornaments, and lapidary specimens; historically used for tools and decorative objects.

Geological facts

Jasper is a variety of chert distinguished mainly by its opacity and abundant impurities. The specimen appears shaped and polished, so its original host rock and exact variety cannot be determined from the image alone.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its opaque body, earthy iron staining, fine texture, and inability to scratch with a steel knife easily; it should scratch glass. Common sources include India, Madagascar, Brazil, Australia, Mexico, and the United States.