mineral
Polished brown jasper pebble
Jasper, a microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), typically with iron-oxide inclusions
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; opaque brown with cream streaks and swirls, waxy to subvitreous luster, cryptocrystalline quartz structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded shape indicates tumbling or water wear.
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Physical properties
Hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; opaque brown with cream streaks and swirls, waxy to subvitreous luster, cryptocrystalline quartz structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded shape indicates tumbling or water wear.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich fluids cement fine sediment or replace volcanic material, with iron oxides producing the brown coloration. Jasper deposits range from Precambrian to much younger geological ages.
Uses & applications
Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, worry stones, and ornamental objects; attractive polished pieces have modest lapidary value.
Geological facts
Jasper is often grouped commercially by pattern or locality, and its patterns commonly result from brecciation, flow banding, or iron-rich mineral staining.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its opaque appearance, lack of visible crystals, reddish-brown coloration, and ability to resist scratching by steel. Common sources include India, Madagascar, Brazil, the United States, and Australia.
