mineral

Polished brown jasper pebble

Jasper, a microcrystalline variety of quartz (SiO₂), typically with iron-oxide inclusions

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; opaque brown with cream streaks and swirls, waxy to subvitreous luster, cryptocrystalline quartz structure, and no visible cleavage. The rounded shape indicates tumbling or water wear.

Identified September 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich fluids cement fine sediment or replace volcanic material, with iron oxides producing the brown coloration. Jasper deposits range from Precambrian to much younger geological ages.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, worry stones, and ornamental objects; attractive polished pieces have modest lapidary value.

Geological facts

Jasper is often grouped commercially by pattern or locality, and its patterns commonly result from brecciation, flow banding, or iron-rich mineral staining.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque appearance, lack of visible crystals, reddish-brown coloration, and ability to resist scratching by steel. Common sources include India, Madagascar, Brazil, the United States, and Australia.