gemstone

Polished carnelian (likely)

Carnelian, an orange-red variety of chalcedony (microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Orange to reddish, partly translucent with a waxy luster; quartz crystal structure too fine to see. Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs, specific gravity about 2.6; no visible cleavage. The small image does not confirm the identification.

Identified October 13, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as silica-rich chalcedony in cavities and fractures of volcanic rocks, often colored by iron oxides. Deposits occur in rocks of many ages; the specimen appears tumbled or polished.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, and carvings; historically valued for seals and ornamental objects.

Geological facts

Carnelian is chalcedony, not a separate mineral species; its color commonly comes from iron impurities.

Field identification & locations

Look for orange-red color, translucency at thin edges, and hardness sufficient to resist scratching with a steel blade. Found in India, Brazil, Uruguay, and other regions; this photo alone cannot distinguish natural carnelian from dyed chalcedony.