gemstone

Polished carnelian (orange chalcedony)

Carnelian, a variety of microcrystalline quartz: SiO₂

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; orange to reddish-brown with cloudy yellow-white areas and a waxy to vitreous luster. It has a trigonal quartz structure and no visible cleavage; the image shows a small polished/tumbled piece.

Identified October 13, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as silica-rich chalcedony in cavities and veins, with iron oxides producing its warm color. It occurs in rocks of many ages, so the specimen’s geological age cannot be determined from the image.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, ornaments, and small carvings; historically valued for seals and jewelry.

Geological facts

Carnelian is translucent to opaque, and its color may become stronger with heating. The pictured color pattern alone cannot confirm the identification.

Field identification & locations

Look for orange-red color, translucency at thin edges, and a waxy surface; common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar. A scratch or hardness test can damage a polished specimen, so avoid testing valuable pieces.