mineral
Polished hematite-rich ironstone
Hematite (Fe₂O₃), likely in a magnetite/goethite-bearing ironstone matrix
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness about 5–6.5 Mohs; black to reddish-brown, metallic to submetallic luster, opaque, with a smooth polished surface. Hematite commonly has a red-brown streak and specific gravity around 5.0–5.3; magnetite-bearing material may be magnetic.
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Physical properties
Hardness about 5–6.5 Mohs; black to reddish-brown, metallic to submetallic luster, opaque, with a smooth polished surface. Hematite commonly has a red-brown streak and specific gravity around 5.0–5.3; magnetite-bearing material may be magnetic.
Formation & geological history
Formed by chemical precipitation, oxidation, or metamorphism of iron-rich sediments and hydrothermal deposits, commonly Precambrian in age. The specimen appears tumbled or polished rather than naturally weathered.
Uses & applications
Used as an iron ore, pigment, abrasive, and ornamental stone; polished pieces are sold for jewelry and collecting. It is generally more decorative than gem-grade.
Geological facts
Hematite’s name derives from the Greek word for blood, referencing its red streak or powder. Its dark metallic appearance can resemble magnetite, but a streak test and magnet check help distinguish them.
Field identification & locations
Common in banded iron formations and iron-rich deposits worldwide, especially Brazil, Australia, India, and the Lake Superior region. Test an inconspicuous area for a reddish streak; magnetism suggests magnetite or mixed iron oxides.
