mineral

Polished jasper pebble

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide impurities

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque reddish-orange to brown, earthy/waxy luster, fine-grained and typically massive with no visible cleavage; hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs, specific gravity ~2.6. The rounded shape indicates tumbling or natural water wear.

Identified September 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Jasper forms when silica-rich fluids replace or cement volcanic, sedimentary, or hydrothermal material, with iron oxides producing the red-orange coloration. Deposits commonly range from Precambrian to younger volcanic and sedimentary settings.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, tumbled stones, decorative objects, and lapidary teaching; too small or irregular for construction use.

Geological facts

Its colors and patterns come mainly from hematite, goethite, clay, and other inclusions rather than distinct large crystals. It is a variety of chalcedony/microcrystalline quartz, though the term is often used broadly in the trade.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opacity, fine texture, quartz-like hardness, and red-brown iron staining; it should not scratch easily with a steel knife. Common sources include India, Madagascar, Brazil, Australia, and the western United States.