mineral

Polished jasper pebble

Microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony), commonly SiO₂, with iron-oxide impurities

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque mustard-orange to reddish brown, earthy to waxy luster, smoothly polished; hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs, no visible cleavage, conchoidal fracture, and specific gravity near 2.6. The color likely comes from hematite or goethite inclusions.

Identified September 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Jasper forms when silica-rich groundwater replaces or fills cavities in volcanic or sedimentary rocks, later becoming microcrystalline quartz. Formation ages vary widely, commonly Paleozoic to Cenozoic.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, polished stones, ornaments, and lapidary collections; generally unsuitable as a major construction stone in this small form.

Geological facts

Jasper is an aggregate of quartz and chalcedony rather than a single crystal. Its opaque coloration distinguishes it from translucent agate and ordinary chalcedony.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its opacity, earthy iron-rich color, smooth conchoidal surfaces, and inability to scratch with a steel knife while scratching glass. Common sources include India, Brazil, Madagascar, Australia, and the western United States.