gemstone

Polished lapis lazuli crescent

Lapis lazuli; primarily lazurite, (Na,Ca)₈(AlSiO₄)₆(S,SO)₄, with calcite and pyrite

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Deep ultramarine-blue, opaque, with lighter gray-white veining and possible subtle brassy flecks; vitreous to waxy luster; hardness about 5–5.5 Mohs; commonly massive rather than visibly crystalline; specific gravity about 2.7–2.9.

Identified August 23, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

A metamorphic gemstone formed when sulfur-rich fluids altered limestone, typically during contact metamorphism; major deposits formed in the Precambrian, especially Afghanistan’s Hindu Kush. The pictured piece is cut and polished.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, inlay, and ornaments; historically ground into ultramarine pigment. Small polished pendants and cabochons commonly sell for about $5–$40, while exceptional material is substantially more valuable.

Geological facts

The blue color comes mainly from lazurite, while white calcite lowers grade and gold-colored pyrite can increase visual appeal. Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts used imported lapis lazuli.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its opaque royal-blue color, softness relative to quartz, and white calcite or metallic pyrite inclusions; avoid confusing uniform blue-dyed howlite or glass. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Pakistan.