mineral

Polished malachite cabochon

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically vivid green with concentric or irregular banding, vitreous to silky luster, opaque, and commonly botryoidal; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, specific gravity about 3.6–4.0, with poor cleavage. The rounded, glossy form is polished and likely cut as a cabochon or decorative stone.

Identified August 18, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Malachite forms as a secondary copper-carbonate mineral in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits, commonly replacing or coating earlier copper minerals. Most specimens are geologically young relative to their host rocks, though deposits range from Paleozoic to Cenozoic.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornamental objects, and historically as a green pigment; it is too soft and chemically sensitive for high-wear jewelry. Copper ore deposits containing malachite may also be mined industrially.

Geological facts

Its green color and banding are highly diagnostic, but similar patterns may occur in dyed materials or green jasper. Avoid acids, heat, ultrasonic cleaners, and prolonged sunlight; copper-bearing dust is toxic if inhaled.

Field identification & locations

Common localities include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and Namibia. Field identification relies on vivid green banding, opaque appearance, relatively low hardness, and a green streak.