mineral

Polished malachite specimen

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Green to dark green concentric banding, vitreous to silky luster, opaque, commonly microcrystalline and botryoidal; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, with perfect cleavage and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The piece appears polished and may contain dark matrix or chrysocolla.

Identified September 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary copper-carbonate mineral in oxidized zones of copper deposits, commonly replacing or coating earlier copper minerals. Most specimens formed during relatively recent weathering of copper ores, from the Cenozoic to older geological ages.

Uses & applications

Used for carvings, cabochons, decorative stone, pigment, and mineral collecting; historically ground as a green pigment. It is not suitable for durable construction because it is soft and acid-sensitive.

Geological facts

Malachite effervesces weakly in acids and produces a pale green streak. Avoid inhaling dust or prolonged contact with powders, since copper minerals can be toxic if ingested.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by vivid green concentric or wavy banding, high density, softness, and reaction to dilute acid; it commonly occurs with azurite, chrysocolla, and copper ores in Zambia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia, Australia, and the United States.