mineral

Polished malachite

Malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂), a hydrated copper carbonate hydroxide

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically bright to dark green with concentric botryoidal banding, silky to vitreous luster, and opaque appearance; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage, and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The rounded, glossy surface indicates a polished/tumbled specimen.

Identified August 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms mainly as a secondary copper-mineral in oxidized zones of copper deposits, often replacing limestone; most specimens are geologically young relative to their host ores, commonly Cenozoic or older depending on the deposit.

Uses & applications

Used as an ornamental stone, cabochon, bead, pigment, and collector specimen; historically ground into green pigment. It is unsuitable for routine jewelry wear because it is soft and can react with acids.

Geological facts

The image’s concentric green orbicular pattern is highly characteristic of malachite, though similar material may be composite or stabilized. Dust and powders should not be inhaled because copper compounds can be toxic.

Field identification & locations

Identify by vivid green color, banding, high density, softness, and effervescence or color change with strong acid; avoid acid testing on polished pieces. Common sources include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, and Arizona.