mineral

Polished orange-brown jasper pebble

Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂) with iron-oxide inclusions

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Opaque, orange-brown and gray mottling; vitreous to waxy luster; typically hardness 6.5–7 Mohs, massive microcrystalline structure, no visible cleavage, and specific gravity about 2.6. Its smooth rounded shape indicates natural water-worn material, subsequently polished or naturally smoothed.

Identified September 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Jasper forms when silica-rich fluids replace or cement sediment, with iron oxides producing the orange-red coloration; formation ages vary widely, commonly Precambrian to younger. It occurs in volcanic, hydrothermal, and sedimentary environments.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, worry stones, and ornamental objects; occasionally used as decorative facing stone. Common polished pieces generally have modest collector value.

Geological facts

The orange coloration is mainly hematite or limonite, while dark areas may contain manganese oxides or altered volcanic material. Jasper is technically a rock rather than a single mineral species.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its opacity, fine-grained texture, waxy polish, lack of cleavage, and inability to scratch it with a steel knife; quartz or feldspar may scratch it. Common sources include India, Madagascar, Brazil, Australia, Mexico, and the western United States.