metamorphic (man-made)
Porcelain (Stoneware Ceramic)
Mullite / Silica-glass composite (Al6Si2O13)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: White to off-white, Luster: Vitreous/Glossy (glazed), Crystal Structure: Microcrystalline mullite in an amorphous glass matrix, Specific Gravity: 2.3–2.5
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: White to off-white, Luster: Vitreous/Glossy (glazed), Crystal Structure: Microcrystalline mullite in an amorphous glass matrix, Specific Gravity: 2.3–2.5
Formation & geological history
Formed by high-temperature firing (metamorphism) of kaolin (clay), feldspar, and quartz at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 °C. Historically originated in China during the Tang Dynasty.
Uses & applications
Used in the manufacturing of dinnerware (cups, plates), electrical insulators, sanitary ware, dental crowns, and laboratory equipment due to low permeability and high thermal shock resistance.
Geological facts
Commonly known as 'China' because for centuries, the secret of its production was known only to Chinese potters. It is translucent when thin and produces a distinct ringing tone when struck.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its white fracture surface, translucency, and ceramic 'clink'. Widely found in residential and commercial settings globally. Collectors look for specific backstamps or maker marks for provenance.
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Other metamorphic (man-made) specimens
Fired Clay Brick (Anthropic Rock substitute)
Anthropogenic polycrystalline ceramic (predominantly Mullite and Quartz: Al6Si2O13 + SiO2)
metamorphic (man-made / anthropic)
Clay Brick
Ceramic structural unit (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O as precursor)
metamorphic (man-made/anthropogenic)
Porcelain (Kaolin-based)
Alumina silicate ceramic (composed primarily of Kaolinite: Al2Si2O5(OH)4)
metamorphic (man-made/engineered)
N/A - Non-Geological Item
not a rock/mineral
Unidentifiable Rock Fragment
Uncertain
Rainbow Hematite Ring
Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) with thin-film coating
mineral