mineral

Psilomelane (Black Hematite varietal)

Barium Manganese Oxide (Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 5-6, Color: Iron-black to dark steel-gray, Luster: Submetallic to dull, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (usually massive/botryoidal), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 4.4-5.0

Identified June 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5-6, Color: Iron-black to dark steel-gray, Luster: Submetallic to dull, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (usually massive/botryoidal), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 4.4-5.0

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of manganese deposits or as a chemical precipitate in sedimentary environments during various geological periods.

Uses & applications

Ores are used for manganese production in steelmaking; attractive botryoidal specimens are popular among mineral collectors and occasionally used for lapidary work.

Geological facts

The name ‘Psilomelane’ comes from the Greek words for ‘smooth’ and ‘black’. It is often found associated with other manganese oxides like pyrolusite and can produce a black or brownish-black streak.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its dark black color, high density, and typically botryoidal (grape-like) or massive habit. Found in locations like Sweden, Germany, and various sites across the United States including Arizona.