mineral
Quartz (Citrine or Iron-Stained)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Pale yellow to brownish-orange. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pale yellow to brownish-orange
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale. Color: Pale yellow to brownish-orange. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal). Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed in igneous (pegmatites) or metamorphic environments, or as a secondary mineral in hydrothermal veins. Yellow coloration is caused by iron impurities or heat treatment of amethyst.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry, as gemstone specimens for collectors, and in electronics for its piezoelectric properties.
Geological facts
Crystalline quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust. Natural citrine is rare; many commercial specimens are heat-treated amethyst.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and glassy appearance. Found globally, especially in Brazil, Madagascar, and the USA.
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Other mineral specimens
Gneiss or Schist
Gneiss or Mica Schist with Garnet
Metamorphic
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Pegmatite with Tourmaline and Quartz
Igneous Pegmatite
igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)
igneous
Septarian Pebble
Septarian nodule / Concretion
sedimentary