mineral

Quartz (Citrine / Yellow Quartz)

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, yellow to brownish-orange color due to iron impurities or natural irradiation, vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system (often found as rounded or waterworn pebbles in alluvial deposits), conchoidal fracture, specific gravity of 2.65.

Identified July 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments. Quartz is extremely resistant to weathering and often accumulates in riverbeds and alluvial plains as rounded pebbles after being transported from pegmatites or hydrothermal veins.

Uses & applications

Used in jewelry, gemstone carving, decorative items, and metaphysical practices. Regionally, the given coordinates fall within Karnataka, India, an area well-known for river systems and pegmatite occurrences where quartz and gemstone pebbles are frequently found.

Geological facts

Natural citrine is much rarer than heat-treated amethyst (which is commonly sold as citrine). Most genuine natural citrine exhibits a pale yellow or smoky yellow color rather than a deep, bright orange.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified by its conchoidal fracture, lack of cleavage, and scratching glass easily (hardness 7). Frequently found in river gravels and secondary alluvial deposits.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Soil with Mineral Detritus and Quartz Fragments

Regolith / Silicate Mineral Aggregate

sedimentary

Limonite / Goethite (Iron Ore Mineral nodule)

FeO(OH)·nH2O / FeO(OH)

mineral

Schist

Metamorphic

Septarian Pebble

Septarian nodule / Concretion

sedimentary

Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

mineral