mineral
Quartz (Common or Milky)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: White to tan/milky; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- White to tan/milky
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: White to tan/milky; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed through the cooling of silica-rich magma/hydrothermal fluids or as a sedimentary deposit. It is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust, occurring in nearly all geological ages.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in the electronics industry (piezoelectric properties), glassmaking, abrasives, construction as an aggregate, and occasionally as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is chemically stable and physically resistant, which is why it is the primary component of beach sand.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its hardness (it can scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and translucent appearance. It is commonly found in riverbeds, mountains, and desert surfaces.
