mineral
Quartz crystal cluster in matrix
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, colorless to white with brownish matrix, vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity of 2.65
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, colorless to white with brownish matrix, vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity of 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in hydrothermal veins and pegmatites through the precipitation of silica-rich fluids over millions of years
Uses & applications
Used in electronics, glassware, gemstone collection, and ornamental displays
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust and exhibits piezoelectric properties, meaning it can generate an electric charge under mechanical stress
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its hard scratch resistance (will scratch glass) and distinct crystal habit; commonly found worldwide in virtually all geological environments
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