mineral
Quartz (Iron-stained Quartz)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Mohs hardness of 7, vitreous to glassy luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture, clear to milky with brownish-yellow iron oxide staining, specific gravity around 2.65
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 7, vitreous to glassy luster, trigonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture, clear to milky with brownish-yellow iron oxide staining, specific gravity around 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal veins, pegmatites, and as a primary mineral in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks across various geological eras.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in electronics (piezoelectric applications), glassmaking, abrasives, gemstones, decorative carvings, and mineral collecting.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. Staining is caused by limonite or hematite coating or infiltrating micro-fractures within the crystal matrix.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its scratch hardness (scratches glass readily), conchoidal fracture, and lack of true cleavage. Commonly found in stream beds, pegmatites, and rock outcrops worldwide.
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