mineral
Quartz Pebble (Citrine / Iron-stained Quartz)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 on the Mohs scale; Color: yellowish-tan to pale honey amber; Luster: vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: none (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: ~2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on the Mohs scale
- Color
- yellowish-tan to pale honey amber
- Luster
- vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale; Color: yellowish-tan to pale honey amber; Luster: vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: none (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: ~2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed through hydrothermal fluid precipitation or crystallization within pegmatites or veins, subsequently weathered and naturally water-tumbled into a river or beach pebble. Can range widely across geological eras.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in landscaping, tumbling, lapidary arts, decorative rock collections, and occasionally wire-wrapped jewelry.
Geological facts
Natural yellow quartz can derive its color from trace iron impurities or natural irradiation. Water-worn pebbles often develop a frosted exterior from colliding with other rocks in fluvial or beach environments.
Field identification & locations
Recognized by its inability to be scratched by steel (knife blade), conchoidal fracturing visible along internal flaws, and absence of cleavage planes. Found in abundance in gravel beds, rivers, and coastal shores worldwide.
