mineral
Quartz
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 on Mohs scale. Color: white, clear, grey, often stained orange or brown by iron oxides. Luster: vitreous (glassy) to greasy. Crystal structure: trigonal. Cleavage: none, exhibits conchoidal fracture.
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- vitreous (glassy) to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale. Color: white, clear, grey, often stained orange or brown by iron oxides. Luster: vitreous (glassy) to greasy. Crystal structure: trigonal. Cleavage: none, exhibits conchoidal fracture.
Formation & geological history
Forms in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments. Often crystallizes from silica-rich magma or precipitates from hot hydrothermal fluids.
Uses & applications
Used in glassmaking, electronics, abrasives, construction, and sometimes as a low-cost gemstone when tumbled.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, after feldspar.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, conchoidal fracture, and glassy luster. Found worldwide in nearly all geological environments.
