mineral

Quartz

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale; color ranges from milky white to colorless, sometimes with pink or yellow hues; vitreous to greasy luster; hexagonal crystal system; conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65.

Identified July 30, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in a wide variety of geological environments, most commonly as a primary mineral in igneous rocks like granite, in hydrothermal veins, and as resistant grains in sedimentary rocks. Can form at any time throughout geological history.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in electronics, glassmaking, abrasive materials, and ornamental jewelry or gemstone carving.

Geological facts

Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals found in the Earth's continental crust and exhibits piezoelectric properties, meaning it can generate an electrical charge under mechanical stress.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its high hardness (scratches glass easily), lack of cleavage, and conchoidal fracture. Found worldwide in nearly every type of rock environment.