Quartz

Mohs hardness of 7, vitreous luster, transparent to translucent, hexagonal crystal system, conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage.

Forms in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary environments through the crystallization of silica-rich hydrothermal solutions or cooling magma.

Used extensively in electronics, glassmaking, abrasives, gemstones, and ornamental carvings.

Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in Earth's continental crust and exhibits piezoelectric properties, making it vital for digital clocks and watches.

Identified by its high hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and characteristic conchoidal fracture. Found worldwide, including pegmatites and vein deposits.