mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale; color ranges from colorless to white, pink, purple, or gray; vitreous (glassy) luster; hexagonal crystal system; conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale; color ranges from colorless to white, pink, purple, or gray; vitreous (glassy) luster; hexagonal crystal system; conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed in a wide variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often crystallizes from silica-rich hydrothermal veins and pegmatites.
Uses & applications
Widely used in electronics, glassmaking, precision instruments, countertops, and as a gemstone or decorative specimen.
Geological facts
Quartz is one of the most abundant and widely distributed minerals found on Earth's continental crust. Its piezoelectric properties make it essential for keeping time in quartz watches.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its distinct hardness (scratches glass easily), lack of cleavage, and conchoidal fracture. Common globally in river gravels, veins, and granite outcrops.
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