mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale; white to clear or translucent color; vitreous (glassy) luster; trigonal crystal system; conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale; white to clear or translucent color; vitreous (glassy) luster; trigonal crystal system; conchoidal fracture with no true cleavage; specific gravity of 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Forms in a wide variety of geological environments including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often crystallizes from silica-rich hydrothermal veins and pegmatites.
Uses & applications
Used in glassmaking, electronics, oscillators, abrasives, gemstones, and ornamental objects.
Geological facts
Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in Earth's continental crust and exhibits piezoelectric properties, meaning it can generate an electrical charge when mechanical stress is applied.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and conchoidal fracture. Found worldwide in nearly every geological setting.
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