mineral
Quartz
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, typically clear to milky white or slightly yellow, vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system, no cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, typically clear to milky white or slightly yellow, vitreous luster, hexagonal crystal system, no cleavage, specific gravity of 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Forms in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks from silica-rich solutions or melts. Common in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins.
Uses & applications
Used in glassmaking, electronics (oscillators), jewelry (often as semiprecious stones like amethyst or citrine), and as an abrasive.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. Its piezoelectric properties make it essential for clocks and watches.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its hardness (scratches glass), conchoidal fracture, and lack of cleavage. Very common worldwide.
