mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Varies widely, commonly white, grey, or colorless, but can be tinted by impurities. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal Structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None (exhibits conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on the Mohs scale
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Varies widely, commonly white, grey, or colorless, but can be tinted by impurities. Luster: Vitreous (glassy). Crystal Structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None (exhibits conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Forms in a wide range of geological environments, most notably as a primary component of igneous rocks like granite and pegmatites, in hydrothermal veins, and as detrital grains in sedimentary rocks.
Uses & applications
Widely used in electronics (oscillators, watches), glassmaking, abrasives, foundry sands, gemstone carving, and jewelry.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, surpassed only by feldspar. It exhibits piezoelectric properties, meaning it generates an electrical charge in response to mechanical stress.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its high hardness (scratches glass easily), lack of cleavage, and distinct conchoidal fracture. Found worldwide in almost all geological settings.
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Schist
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Metamorphic
Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)
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mineral