mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale. Color is typically white or transparent, but can vary widely with impurities. Luster is vitreous (glassy). Crystal system is trigonal. No cleavage, but exhibits conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity is 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale. Color is typically white or transparent, but can vary widely with impurities. Luster is vitreous (glassy). Crystal system is trigonal. No cleavage, but exhibits conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity is 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Forms in a wide variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It crystallizes from silica-rich melts and hydrothermal solutions.
Uses & applications
Used in glassmaking, electronics, oscillators, abrasives, and as gemstones or ornamental items.
Geological facts
Quartz is one of the most abundant and widely distributed minerals found at Earth's surface. It is highly resistant to both chemical and physical weathering.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its hardness (scratches glass), conchoidal fracture, and lack of cleavage. Found worldwide in almost every geological setting.
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