mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Clear, white, gray, brown, yellow, pink, red, or orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Clear, white, gray, brown, yellow, pink, red, or orange
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Clear, white, gray, brown, yellow, pink, red, or orange; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in virtually all geological environments—igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks—often crystallizing from silica-rich hydrothermal veins and pegmatites.
Uses & applications
Used in glassmaking, electronics (oscillator crystals), abrasive materials, gemstones, and ornamental objects.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, surpassed only by feldspar. Its piezoelectric properties make it essential in watches and electronic devices.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its distinct hardness (scratches glass easily), lack of cleavage, and conchoidal fracture. Found worldwide in nearly every type of terrain.
