mineral
Quartz
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Clear, white, gray, brown, or stained by impurities; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Clear, white, gray, brown, or stained by impurities
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Clear, white, gray, brown, or stained by impurities; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed in a wide variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Often crystallizes from silica-rich hydrothermal solutions in veins and cavities.
Uses & applications
Used in electronics, watches, glassmaking, abrasives, and as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry.
Geological facts
Quartz is one of the most abundant and widely distributed minerals on Earth's continental crust. Its piezoelectric properties make it essential for timing and frequency control in electronic devices.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and characteristic hexagonal crystal shape when well-formed. Found worldwide.
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