Quartz

Hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, transparent to translucent with a vitreous luster, trigonal crystal system, and no distinct cleavage.

Forms in virtually all geological environments—igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks—often as a primary component of pegmatites and hydrothermal veins.

Widely used in jewelry, electronics, optical instruments, and manufactured glass.

Quartz is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's continental crust and exhibits piezoelectric properties, meaning it can generate an electric charge under mechanical stress.

Easily identified by its high hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and conchoidal fracture. Found worldwide.